The Art and Mathematics of Cycling: Using Old Bicycles to Draw Spirograph Patterns
Nick Sayers
This paper describes a series of drawing machines made from scrap bicycles by the author. The characteristics of these machines are discussed, as are the maths and geometry of the curves that can be drawn with them. These patterns include: hypotrochoid (“spirograph”), harmonograph 
(aka Lissajous curve or “pintograph”), and epitrochoid (“reverse spirograph”).
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